



... A blog about giving birth and raising a baby and family in Spain. Everything from pregnancy to toddler, fertility testing to ivf in Spain. Plus lots of news from indybel.com suppliers of British, International and Organic products for pregnancy and baby in Spain.
Where did the word “carnival” come from?
Hundred and hundreds of years ago, the followers of the Catholic religion in Italy started the tradition of holding a wild costume festival right before the first day of Lent. Because Catholics are not supposed to eat meat during Lent, they called their festival, carnevale — which means “to put away the meat.” As time passed, carnivals in Italy became quite famous; and in fact the practice spread to France, Spain, and all the Catholic countries in Europe. Then as the French, Spanish, and Portuguese began to take control of the Americas and other parts of the world, they brought with them their tradition of celebrating carnival.
In many parts of the world, where Catholic Europeans set up colonies and entered into the slave trade, carnival took root. Brazil, once a Portuguese colony, is famous for its carnival, as is Mardi Gras in Louisiana (where African-Americans mixed with French settlers and Native Americans). Carnival celebrations are now found throughout the Caribbean in Barbados, Jamaica, Grenada, Dominica, Haiti, Cuba, St. Thomas, St. Marten; in Central and South America in Belize, Panama, Brazil; and in large cities in Canada and the U.S. where Caribbean people have settled, including Brooklyn, Miami, and Toronto. Even San Francisco has a carnival!
If you want to read more about Carnival take a look at this site! And if you've got a little one heading off for their first carnival ... enjoy!
· 1. Sparrow James Midnight
There is always at least one celebrity baby name each year that people love to hate, and this year, Sparrow James Midnight was the one. Actress and singer Nicole Richie, and husband Joel Madden came up with this wildly unique name for their son, born in September. It's a worthy follow up to the name of their first child, daughter Harlow Winter Kate.
· 2. Petal Blossom Rainbow
Celebrity chef Jamie Oliver and his wife Jools are no strangers to exotic baby names. With two daughters named Poppy Honey and Daisy Boo, what could they possibly come up with to keep the tradition going? Petal Blossom Rainbow, that's what. Little Petal was born in April, and confirms the Olivers as trendsetters in the world of celebrity baby names.
· 3. Mars Merkaba
Singer Erykah Badu caused quite a stir when rumors were rampant that her daughter, born in Brooklyn in February, was going to be named Twitty Milk. Some bloggers called it too early. It wasn't Twitty Milk. Badu, and longtime boyfriend Jay Electronica, named their daughter Mars Merkaba. But they did Tweet about it.
· 4. Mason Dash
It's a dashing name. It sounds like a name right out of the 1920s -- unique, memorable, and just a hint of rogueish -- but in a cool way. Reality T.V. star Kourtney Kardashian, and boyfriend Scott Disick came up with this one for their son born in December.
· 5. Atlas
Who shrugged? Certainly not Anne Heche, when she and boyfriend James Tupper had to come up with a baby name to hold its own with the name of Heche's first child, Homer. Heche and Tupper rose to the occasion. What better name to match the ancient Greek poet Homer than the ancient mythological figure Atlas? Heche's second son, Atlas, was born in March. (But not on the Ides of March, luckily).
· 6. Bandit Lee
Celebrity rocker babies often end up with some of the wildest baby names, and Bandit Lee, daughter of Lyn-Z and Gerard Way is a case in point. Bandit Lee is the daughter of two bands, Mindless Self Indulgence and My Chemical Romance.
· 7. Gunner
Speaking of badass rocker celebrity baby names, how about Gunner? This little guy, who arrived in August, would probably get along just fine with Bandit Lee. Gunner is the second son for Killers frontman Brandon Flowers and his wife Tana. Flowers said they wanted something that held up against the surname Flowers!
· 8. Louisanna Ray
This is one of those clever trick names -- at first you think it's "Louisiana", but then you do a second take, and realize it's spelled differently. Maybe it's a combination name, Louis plus Anna? Is it a boy or a girl? It's a girl's name, of course. The first child for actress Leelee Sobieski, and her fiance, fashion designer Adam Kimmel. Louisanna arrived in December.
· 9. Seraphina Rose Elizabeth
OK, so this isn't one of those wild and crazy celebrity names we all love (or hate, as the case may be). But it's such a beautiful, classic set of names, we couldn't resist adding it to the list. And it didn't hurt that mom and dad are Jennifer Garner and Ben Affleck. Seraphina was born in January, and judging by reader responses, most of you loved the name.
· 10. Bardot Vita
Last, but certainly not least, in this year's round of the best celebrity baby names, is Bardot Vita, an exotic and unusual name with echoes of Brigitte Bardot. This little Bardot was born in August, and is the second child and first daughter for Bones star David Boreanaz and his wife, actress and former model Jaime Bergman.
Don’t dye your hair
For many women, the prospect of nine months without attention to their roots and highlights is almost too much to bear. Fears about hair dyes stem from small studies that indicate that some chemicals penetrate the scalp. Hair colourists exposed to dye on a daily basis have been shown to be at a slightly higher risk of miscarriage. However, there is no direct evidence that hair dyes are harmful to the foetus, and many of the studies were based on unfeasibly high levels of chemicals.
“Hair highlights are applied to the hair shaft not the scalp where chemicals can be absorbed, so highlights are considered safe during pregnancy,” says Bonds. “With other hair dyes there is not a 100 per cent guarantee that no chemicals will be absorbed through the skin, but the amounts are so tiny that the risk is thought to be minimal.”
Having sex during pregnancy can harm the baby
According to Bonds, a doctor might caution against sex in the third trimester for a minority of women who have a history of premature labour, vaginal bleeding or placenta previa (when the placenta covers the cervix) in case it triggers early labour, but for most women the message is that sex won’t harm the foetus.
Dr Sarah Jarvis, a GP and author of Pregnancy for Dummies, says that there is some truth in the belief that, in the later stages of pregnancy, sex prepares the body for labour. “Love-making stimulates the body to produce the hormone oxytocin, which can help your cervix ripen in readiness for labour,” she says.
“The partner’s semen also contains hormones called prostaglandins, which can cause contractions.”
Morning sickness is a sign that a foetus is healthy
Morning sickness has nothing to do with the health (or gender) of a foetus. The increased nausea and vomiting are associated with higher levels of hormones produced by healthy placental tissue combined with low blood-sugar levels, says Bonds. One theory suggests that morning sickness — which can occur at any time of the day — may help women to avoid foods that could harm a foetus.
A few studies have linked morning sickness to lower rates of miscarriage, however many other studies have failed to find a link. Bonds says: “It is just another symptom of pregnancy and doesn’t indicate whether a baby is thriving.”
If your bump is high, you are carrying a girl; if it’s low, it’s a boy. But is there any truth in the myth that you can tell the sex by the shape of your bump? Bonds says that, other than an ultrasound scan, there is no way to determine a baby’s gender.
How you carry your bump can predict gender
How a bump is carried is as much to do with the mother’s body shape and muscle tone. With first babies, the muscles and ligaments tend to be tighter so babies are carried higher. But a bump’s position is also determined by the baby’s presentation (whether it is breech or transverse), and its gestational age and weight. “Gender has nothing to do with any of it,” Bonds says.
Sleeping on your back can harm the baby
In the 1960s and 1970s research showed that blood flow can be compromised in women made to give birth lying flat on their backs because a major vessel, the vena cava, underneath the uterus becomes compressed. But those findings don’t necessarily mean it is dangerous to sleep on your back while pregnant.
Dr Philip Owen, a consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist at North Glasgow University NHS Trust, says that the best resting position when pregnant is to lie on your side with your knees bent, which “makes the heart’s job easier because it stops the weight of the baby applying pressure to your large veins”.
However, in a normal, healthy pregnancy, experts say that a baby can generally accommodate any sleeping position that the mother adopts to ensure she gets a restful night.
Stretch marks are avoidable if you slather on creams
Diligently applying expensive creams and potions from day one of pregnancy must surely pay off. But according to research by Professor Alexa Boer Kimball, a dermatologist at Harvard University medical school, there’s no proof that any of the creams and oils that claim to prevent stretch marks actually work. The most they can achieve is a reduction of itching caused by dry skin during pregnancy.
Stretch marks develop because of changes in the elastic supportive tissue that lies just beneath the skin. No one really knows why about half of pregnant women get them, and the rest don’t.
Kimball says that genetics play a role but that how much and how quickly your skin has to expand during your pregnancy is also a factor. “The skin is very elastic,” she says. “But weight gain in pregnancy can be pretty dramatic, and sometimes it’s more than the skin can handle.”
Don’t take up exercise when you are pregnant
Thirty years ago the advice to pregnant women was that a gentle stroll was their physical limit and they should cover no more than a mile a day. Now researchers have confirmed that more exercise is not only safe but beneficial, even for women who have never been active before.
In a study of more than 150,000 pregnant women by exercise physiologists at the University of St Louis, most did not meet even the minimum requirement of daily activity — 30 minutes of moderate exercise a day for healthy expectant mothers. Many wrongly believed that exercise can damage an unborn child by starving it of blood and oxygen. In fact, said the researchers, a woman’s heart pumps more blood than normal to ensure the foetus is not deprived when she works out.
“Women who worked out before should continue in the same vein provided their pregnancy is healthy, avoiding only contact sports, scuba diving or other activities that might cause abdominal distress,” says Louise Sutton, of the Carnegie Centre for Sports Performance at Leeds Metropolitan University. “But there is no excuse not to start exercising in pregnancy — the first step should be moderate, non-weightbearing activities, such as brisk walking, swimming or cycling.”
Don’t fly in the first trimester
The consensus among experts is that air travel is safe for most women. Although radiation exposure does increase at high altitudes, only frequent fliers approach anything near the upper safety limits.
“Flying is considered perfectly safe for pregnant women,” says Bonds. “Only women who have had a previous history of miscarriage, premature birth, low placenta or bleeding in pregnancy will be advised to avoid it by their doctor.”
However, she adds, because pregnancy and sitting down for long periods on a plane increase the risk of blood clots, it is particularly important to get up and walk around to avoid deep vein thrombosis.
Don’t sit in front of a computer
There is no scientific evidence to suggest that a women needs to limit her exposure to a computer screen. While tiny amounts of low-frequency electromagnetic radiation are emitted from the back of computers, none comes from the front.
Obstetricians at Montefiore Medical school in New York found that radiation is minuscule, particularly now that LCD screens are used.
A bigger risk, says Sammy Margo, a spokesperson for the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy, is the painful wrist complaint, carpal tunnel syndrome, caused by prolonged use of a keyboard and bad posture, especially with ligaments becoming more lax as pregnancy progresses.
Natural birth is better than a Caesarean section
One in four babies in the UK is delivered by Caesarean section according to the latest NHS statistics, double the number 20 years ago. Emergency Caesarean sections, for problems such as foetal distress, prolapsed umbilical cord or failure to progress in labour, still account for the lion’s share, as both midwifery and medical staff are increasingly likely to err on the side of caution if either mother or baby seems to be getting into trouble. But are mothers who have Caesarean deliveries selling themselves and their babies short?
“Most mothers would probably like to have a natural vaginal birth but if this is not possible, Caesarean should not be viewed as a failure,” says Bonds. “The recovery after a vaginal birth is quicker and easier than for mothers who have had Caesareans, but the best way is the safest way for the baby and mother — whichever route that might be.”
Breastfeeding helps you to lose weight
Contrary to popular belief, breastfeeding doesn’t necessarily help new mothers to shed weight any faster. Producing milk uses 200 to 500 calories a day, on average. That’s about the number burnt off in a gym workout and equal to those in a cheese and pickle sandwich.
However, breastfeeding mothers also produce the hormone prolactin that not only prompts milk production but stimulates appetite. The upshot? In many cases, women who breastfeed offset the calorie debt by consuming more food overall.
In a 2004 study, published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, researchers from the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Centre studied new mothers. In the first six months, the 81 non-breastfeeding mothers lost fat from their whole body, arms and legs faster than the 87 breastfeeding mums, who were shown to snack on more calories throughout the day.